Medical and biological evaluation of the efficiency of heavy metals sorption by food fibers used in meat industry

The comparative study of food fibers preparations (“Vitacel” – wheat fiber, beet fibers, calcium alginate, TIPRO 601 – native collagen protein, pork rin d) in a chronic biological experiment has shown that none of them had cumulative toxic effect, and possessed a low level of food sensibilization. Calcium alginate, native collagen protein and pork rind help to increase calcium content in bones of laboratory animals. As to the efficiency of removal of lead and cadmium, the native collagen protein and pork rind performed better, than insoluble food fibers. Vitacel and beet fibers are more effective with regards to cadmium, than to lead. Calcium alginate stimulates phagocytosis, improves detoxicating function of kidneys, possesses hypoallergenic effect and prefers to sorb cations of lead than of cadmium. Thus, when the combined effect of heavy metals takes place, it is expedient to use combination of food fibers in optimum proportions. Introduction The every day and uncontrolled emissions of great amounts of harmful substances into air and water basin are the cause of the increase of mortality rate and morbidity in all the industrial cities and regions. In the case of unfavorable effects of the environment the human’s organism has an increased requirement in essential nutrients, and first of all, in proteins of animal origin. Meat offers efficient adaptation possibilities and is a source of a complex of indispensable food substances. Besides, it is generally accepted that meat (muscle tissue) is related to little contaminated food products.. One of the efficient ways of correction of the increased amount of heavy metals and other toxic substances in human’s organism is enterosorption with food fibers. The additional enrichment with food fibers of a special meat product will increase its removing effect. The substantiation in the experiments on animals of the more promising for use in meat industry food fibers preparations, assisting in removal of toxic substances from live systems under the conditions of the effects of negative technogenic factors. Material and methods The preparations from pork rind (native collagen protein) and the pork rind, being the food fibers of animal origin, were investigated in comparison with the food fibers of plant origin (beet fibers, wheat cellulose, calcium alginate). Medical and biological evaluation of the effectiveness of food fibers in case of intoxication with lead and cadmium was carried out by conventional experimental methods on the growing white male rats during 30 days in the vivarium of VNIIMP. The feed was mixed with the tested feed supplement at 2 g per 1 animal per day, except the pork rind, which due to 60% moisture content was given at a dose 5 g per animal. 8 groups of animals, 10 to each, were formed. Groups 1 and 2 were given common vivarium diets, group 3 was given beet fibers; group 4 – “Vitacel” (wheat cellulose); groups 5 and 6 – calcium alginate, group 7 protein preparation from defatted pork rind (TIPRO 601); group 8 – pork rind. To the diets of all the groups (except groups 1 and 5) the solutions of heavy metals salts were added at 1/100 LD50 for rats: cadmium sulfate – 0.6 mg/kg, lead citrate – 1.17 mg/kg [1,2]. The level of heavy metals was determined by inversion-voltampermetric method. The integral index of chronic intoxication (IPHI) [3] was calculated as the ratio of the weight of the organ to the total weight of the body in %. The general clinical blood count was carried out in veterinary clinic of MGUPB. Results and discussion The gain in live weight of the rats during the experiment was reduced in the following order: calcium alginate (without heavy metals) > calcium alginate,> preparation from pork rind> pork rind> > control (without heavy metals >”Vitacel” > control> beet fibers. The calculated integral index has not revealed cumulative toxic effect in all the tested samples.